| Name | Data | Structural formula | Description |
| Fumaric acid Trans-butene diacid Trans-ethylene dicarbonic acid E 297 |
Empirical formula C4H4O4 Melting point 287 °C Boiling point 290 °C |
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Fumaric acid is found in various plants and in animal-derived foodstuffs. It is used in the manufacture of medicines and in the food industry as an acidifier and flavouring agent. As fumaric acid is poorly soluble in cold water its use as an acidifier is restricted to products that are heated in their preparation. Fumaric acid enhances the action of antioxidants through heavy metal complexation. |
| Name | Formula | Melting pt | Boiling pt | Brief description |
| Benzoic acid | C7H6O2 | 122 °C | 249 °C | Benzoic acid is an aromatic carbon acid… |
| Propionic acid | C3H6O2 | −21 °C | 141 °C | Propionic acid is the trivial name for … |
| Formic acid | CH2O2 | 8 °C | 101 °C | Colourless, corrosive liquid soluble in water… |
| Citric acid | C6H8O7 | 153 °C | 175 °C | Citric acid is a colourless, water-soluble… |
| Propylene glycol | C3H8O2 | −68 °C | 188 °C | Propylene glycol is a clear, colourless… |
| Glycerol | C3H8O3 | 18 °C | 290 °C | Glycerol is the trivial name and the… |
| Sorbic acid | C6H8O2 | 135 °C | 228 °C | Sorbic acid is a double … |
| Ammonia | NH3 | −78 °C | −33 °C | Ammonia is a strongly pungent… |
| Lactic acid | C3H6O3 | 18 °C | 122 °C | Lactic acid is an important intermediate product… |
| Phosphoric acid | H3PO4 | 42,35 °C | 213 °C | Normal, or orthophosphoric, acid is the… |
| Acetic acid | C2H4O2 | 17 °C | 118 °C | Acetic acid is a colourless, liquid… |
| Fumaric acid | C4H4O4 | 287 °C | 290 °C | Fumaric acid is found in various plants… |
| Lignin sulphonic acid | Lignin sulphonic acid is formed from lignin… | |||
| Crude glycerol | C3H8H3 | Crude glycerol is formed during chemical… | ||
| Carbonic acids | Collective name for alphatic, saturated… | |||
| Cobalt(II) chloride | CoCl2 | 735 °C | 1049 °C | Nutritionally, cobalt is an essential… |
| Ascorbic acid | C6H8O6 | 190 °C | 192 °C | Ascorbic acid is an organic solid… |
| Chicory pulp | C7H6H2 | Chicory pulp is the dried root… | ||
| Vitamin E | C29H50O2 | 2.5–3.5 °C | 393 °C | Vitamin E is a collective term for a group… |
| Vermiculite | Vermiculite is a mineral similar… | |||
| Diamol | (SiO2)n | Natural product from deposits of… | ||
| Sipernate | (SiO2)n | Synthetic, amorphous, precipitated silicic acid… |